Whats the risk that Bolsonaro triggers a credit contraction/ FX tail spin ala Macri in say H2-19? M3 is circa 320% & rising
Im guessing a bit more yield compression first though so curve flattens first and equities rally on hope
With investor flows into EM expected in H119 there is scope for the curve to bull flatten into early next year
But this will make the yield pick up over USTs even more minimal by H219
Some macro numbers had been weakening this year, but a good dose of hopium recently and we could see a bounce into H1-19 the could aling with investor flows into EM
The BOVESPA on a mid-teen P/E is breaking out by the looks of it
But H2 is where the question marks would start to arise
But with final demand dependent on the private sector picking up or the government maintaining its deficit, there is the risk of recession if govt cuts back, if iron ore/ oil prices drop or if confidence falls
With high M3/GDP there is the risk of an Argentina style FX tail spin
Despite USDBRL having devalued, it doesnt look particularly cheap on a REER basis
Friday, 30 November 2018
Wednesday, 28 November 2018
Vene slips lower
Vene should be a prosperous, investment grade, OPEC member
Instead, its a bankrupt, socialist, terrorist financing, narco state run by a small cadre of oligarchs
At 20c on the $ the debt is still fairly widely owned... At 20c the government and PDVSA debt is worth about $20bn
If it drops to 10c next year it will only be ~$10bn, which is peanuts if regime change happens. But who knows when that will be
https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2018/11/26/odds-of-venezuela-getting-its-act-together-in-2019-are-zero/#6f71ec6633ab
Instead, its a bankrupt, socialist, terrorist financing, narco state run by a small cadre of oligarchs
At 20c on the $ the debt is still fairly widely owned... At 20c the government and PDVSA debt is worth about $20bn
If it drops to 10c next year it will only be ~$10bn, which is peanuts if regime change happens. But who knows when that will be
https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2018/11/26/odds-of-venezuela-getting-its-act-together-in-2019-are-zero/#6f71ec6633ab
Friday, 9 November 2018
Pro-forma vs realised hedge fund portfolio returns
Most hedge funds promise high uncorrelated returns but many dont
deliver, or performance erodes over time. What impact does this have on
investor returns?
When buying new managers/ maintaining existing ones you need to think about the probability of the realised return scenarios. Versus recent history, what's the probability the fund makes;
If you buy an investment grade bond fund with say 3 years duration, then likelihood of achieving the running yield over say 3 years is very, very high, lets say 90% probability. Interest rates could rise or fall, but you also have bonds maturing and can reinvest proceeds.
In a high yield bond fund its still fairly high despite the risk of a default/ spread blow out cycle. In a normal spread widening cycle high yield bonds might see 500bps of widening, so 10-20% price drop, but you will have a much higher running yield after that and if the manager avoids defaults then you get to reinvest coupons at the higher yield. So on a longer term basis you could be confident of generating a return that is similar to the running yield but with uncertainty over the path and the potential for a 1-2 year drawdown at some point.
Hedge fund returns have a large confidence interval
Hedge funds however are unbenchmarked strategies. With the exception of stressed credit there is no anchor or 'pull to par' for returns. Equity bear markets can last years and recoveries can be even longer.
As such the confidence interval for the return for an individual hedge fund has to be large.
Anecdotally the HSBC hedge weekly report by year end often has an 80% plus spread between the top few hedge funds and bottom few. Its not uncommon for certain managers to frequent both lists in different years.
Question: What percentage of hedge funds meet their double digit return goals?
My experience with low beta/ uncorrelated institutional portfolios is that realised returns, by the time you have redeemed underperforming hedge funds, are about half of the pro-forma returns.
I.e. if you want to realise 7-8% you need to buy funds making 15% at the point in time that you buy them. This raises an issue if you buy low returning funds.
Question: What if I buy 'conservative' funds that lose less when they go wrong? Generally speaking the average return is lower in my experience and you can see that in the HFRI indices.
Let's assume we buy a portfolio of 9 funds that has an expected/ recent return of 7%, what is the expected outcome of that portfolio:
3 funds make 7%
3 funds make 2%
3 funds average 0%
What is the weighted return of that portfolio? Its 3%, or less than half of the expected 7%, before costs.
What evidence can I supply for portfolio realised returns being roughly half pro-forma expected returns? Simple look at the HFRI FOF index returns and the UCITS index returns.
The UCITS market is dominated by absolute return funds targetting 7%. What is the return for the UCITS index in an environment of QE and ZIRP that has supported asset classes?
The UCITS index has made approximately 10% or an annualised 1.1% since 2010. Meanwhile 'successful' UCITS funds make 7% annualised.
What if there is a bear market?
3 funds make 3%
3 funds make 0%
3 funds average -3%
Weighted return drop to zero. In a market crisis like 2008 the returns could be worse.
So what if we buy double digit returning funds?
3 funds make 12.5%
3 funds make 7%
3 funds average 3%
The average is 7.5%, even though all the funds bought had been making 10-20% prior to being bought. For this to work you need to avoid bad blow ups though.
To boost these returns:
What if there is a bear market?
3 funds make 10%
3 funds make 4%
3 funds average -3%
Portfolio still makes almost 4%. It really helps if you have some funds that can make double digit returns in a bear market like 2008, or if there are funds that can exploit opportunities like the 'Big Short' in sub-prime.
Conclusion
So there you have it: buying low returning funds and running them for years.
Its the answer as to why UCITS investors and consultant led institutional investors have hardly made any money from hedge funds.
Why do they keep doing it? Or are they now rotating the money into 'return free risk' in conventional private lending strategies, thereby setting up a great secondaries opportunity when defaults rise.
As for institutional interest in hedge funds I just wonder how it works if QT pushes many asset classes into synchronised grinding valuation bear markets.
The best thing for the hedge fund industry's returns would be for these institutions to exit enmasse and reduce the level of me-too competition in markets.
When buying new managers/ maintaining existing ones you need to think about the probability of the realised return scenarios. Versus recent history, what's the probability the fund makes;
- more
- the same
- less
- blows up
If you buy an investment grade bond fund with say 3 years duration, then likelihood of achieving the running yield over say 3 years is very, very high, lets say 90% probability. Interest rates could rise or fall, but you also have bonds maturing and can reinvest proceeds.
In a high yield bond fund its still fairly high despite the risk of a default/ spread blow out cycle. In a normal spread widening cycle high yield bonds might see 500bps of widening, so 10-20% price drop, but you will have a much higher running yield after that and if the manager avoids defaults then you get to reinvest coupons at the higher yield. So on a longer term basis you could be confident of generating a return that is similar to the running yield but with uncertainty over the path and the potential for a 1-2 year drawdown at some point.
Hedge fund returns have a large confidence interval
Hedge funds however are unbenchmarked strategies. With the exception of stressed credit there is no anchor or 'pull to par' for returns. Equity bear markets can last years and recoveries can be even longer.
As such the confidence interval for the return for an individual hedge fund has to be large.
Anecdotally the HSBC hedge weekly report by year end often has an 80% plus spread between the top few hedge funds and bottom few. Its not uncommon for certain managers to frequent both lists in different years.
Question: What percentage of hedge funds meet their double digit return goals?
My experience with low beta/ uncorrelated institutional portfolios is that realised returns, by the time you have redeemed underperforming hedge funds, are about half of the pro-forma returns.
I.e. if you want to realise 7-8% you need to buy funds making 15% at the point in time that you buy them. This raises an issue if you buy low returning funds.
Question: What if I buy 'conservative' funds that lose less when they go wrong? Generally speaking the average return is lower in my experience and you can see that in the HFRI indices.
Let's assume we buy a portfolio of 9 funds that has an expected/ recent return of 7%, what is the expected outcome of that portfolio:
3 funds make 7%
3 funds make 2%
3 funds average 0%
What is the weighted return of that portfolio? Its 3%, or less than half of the expected 7%, before costs.
What evidence can I supply for portfolio realised returns being roughly half pro-forma expected returns? Simple look at the HFRI FOF index returns and the UCITS index returns.
The UCITS market is dominated by absolute return funds targetting 7%. What is the return for the UCITS index in an environment of QE and ZIRP that has supported asset classes?
The UCITS index has made approximately 10% or an annualised 1.1% since 2010. Meanwhile 'successful' UCITS funds make 7% annualised.
What if there is a bear market?
3 funds make 3%
3 funds make 0%
3 funds average -3%
Weighted return drop to zero. In a market crisis like 2008 the returns could be worse.
So what if we buy double digit returning funds?
3 funds make 12.5%
3 funds make 7%
3 funds average 3%
The average is 7.5%, even though all the funds bought had been making 10-20% prior to being bought. For this to work you need to avoid bad blow ups though.
To boost these returns:
- If you can average a higher hit ratio than 1/3 that it would boost returns significantly
- If you have one outlier high returning fund, say 25% IRR, then it would boost the portfolio return to 9%
- If you aggressively redeem low returning funds, that would boost portfolio returns
- If you want to take beta bets then thats a slightly separate issue but you can use that to push up the IRRs
What if there is a bear market?
3 funds make 10%
3 funds make 4%
3 funds average -3%
Portfolio still makes almost 4%. It really helps if you have some funds that can make double digit returns in a bear market like 2008, or if there are funds that can exploit opportunities like the 'Big Short' in sub-prime.
Conclusion
So there you have it: buying low returning funds and running them for years.
Its the answer as to why UCITS investors and consultant led institutional investors have hardly made any money from hedge funds.
Why do they keep doing it? Or are they now rotating the money into 'return free risk' in conventional private lending strategies, thereby setting up a great secondaries opportunity when defaults rise.
As for institutional interest in hedge funds I just wonder how it works if QT pushes many asset classes into synchronised grinding valuation bear markets.
The best thing for the hedge fund industry's returns would be for these institutions to exit enmasse and reduce the level of me-too competition in markets.
Tuesday, 6 November 2018
3.1% rental yield for central London real estate?
The Trust has £1.15bn in CBRE valued assets, yielding 3.1% gross rent income, £290m of debt that costs 2.1%. If debt costs went to about 6.5% then there would be no distributable income and the equity would be toast.
The managers of the fund are paid on AuM so are benefited by as low a valuation yield as possible.
Investors want out of this Trust, with one blaming Brexit for making the UK 'particularly risky' etc.
That just shows how wrong headed most of these people are. They have held on to what are now vastly over-valued generic assets.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-06/brexit-fears-said-to-imperil-1-1-billion-london-property-fund?srnd=premium-europe
Thursday, 1 November 2018
European perfect storm on the horizon?
Could European financial markets be hit by a perfect storm next year?
Fed hikes in H1 but the economy runs hot and markets start looking for higher terminal rates which pressures discount rates and duration
UK has a hard Brexit with WTO rules. UK economy is doing OK and BoE hints at rate hiking cycle in Q2, investors shift assets from EZ to UK
As part of WTO rules the UK will have a 10% tariff plus VAT on car imports. Luxury car sector has been hit by Dieselgate and lack a full PHEV/ EV model line up. The EZ economy is already near recession. Germany product dumps into France, France into Italy and Spain. China facing US tariffs dumps at the low end into Europe. This guarantees deflation/ slow down
ECB is tapering/ ending purchases. TARGET2 imbalances are over €1Tn already. As the Italian confrontation with the European Commission escalates, financial conditions tighten which is then compounded by financial markets pricing the chance of a crisis which tightens conditions further. The 'doom loop' is back
What can the way out be? A weakened Germany post-Merkel or lame duck Merkel could be pressured into a pro-growth framework with a €500bn-1Tn EIB infrastructure/ export support/ a Mid-East and African Marshall plan
But we need the crisis first...
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